Generation of Computers

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First Generation Computers
Computer Characteristics & Capabilities
1
Size
Size was equivalent to a room.
2
Density
One component per circuit.
3
Speed
Hundred instructions per second.
4
Reliability
Failure of circuit in hours.
5
Memory
Thousands capacity in characters.
6
Cost
Cost was very high.
7
Language
Machine language.
Trends and Development in computer Hardware
8
Main Component
Vacuum Tubes were the main components.
9
Main Memory
Magnetic drum.
10
Secondary Storage
Magnetic drum & Magnetic tape.
11
Input Media
Punched cards & paper tape.
12
Output Media
Punched cards & Printed reports.
13
Examples
IBM 700, IBM 701 , IBM 704, IBM 709 , EDVIC, UNIVAC, MARK-I,Whirlwind I

Second Generation Computers
Computer Characteristics & Capabilities
1
Size
Smaller than First Generation Computers
2
Density
Hundreds components per circuit.
3
Speed
Thousands instructions per second.
4
Reliability
Failure of circuits in days.
5
Memory
Tens of thousands capacity in characters.
6
Cost
Cost slightly lower than First Generation.
7
Language
Assembly or Low level language.
Trends and Development in computer Hardware
8
Main Component
Transister was the main component.
9
Main Memory
Magnetic core.
10
Secondary Storage
Magnetic tape & Magnetic disk.
11
Input Media
Punched cards.
12
Output Media
Punched cards & printed reports.
13
Examples
IBM 1620 Series, IMB 7090 Series, IBM 7094 I, IBM 7094 II, CDC 1604, PDP 1, PDP 3, PDP 5, ATLAS, LEO.


Third Generation Computers
Computer Characteristics & Capabilities
1
Size
Disk Size minicomputer.
2
Density
Thousands components per circuit.
3
Speed
Millions instructions per second.(MIPS)
4
Reliability
Failure of circuit in week.
5
Memory
Hundreds of thousands capacity in characters.
6
Cost
Cost lower than second generation.
7
Language
High level languages (like COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL and C).
Trends and Development in computer Hardware
8
Main Component
Integrated semiconductor circuits (ICs).
9
Main Memory
Magnetic core.
10
Secondary Storage
Magnetic tape & Magnetic disk.
11
Input Media
Key to tape & key to disk.
12
Output Media
Printed Reports & Video Displays.
13
Examples
IBM 307 Series, CDC 7600 Series , PDP 11, CDC’s CYBER -175 , CDC’s STAR – 100.

Fourth Generation Computers
Computer Characteristics & Capabilities
1
Size
Type writer size micro computer.
2
Density
Thousand of thousand of components per circuit.
3
Speed
Tens of Millions instructions per second.
4
Reliability
Failure of circuits in Months.
5
Memory
Thousands of thousands capacity in characters.
6
Cost
Cost slightly lower than Third Generation.
7
Language
Improved high level languages (like C++, KL1, JAVA, SQL, VB, etc).
Trends and Development in computer Hardware
8
Main Component
Large scale integrated (LSI) or Very Large scale integrated (VLSI) semiconductor circuit called MICROPROCESSORS or CHIP  mP.
9
Main Memory
RAM (LSI Semiconductor).
10
Secondary Storage
Magnetic disk, Floppy disk, Magnetic bubble, Optical disk(CD & DVD) , Pen drive.
11
Input Media
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, etc.
12
Output Media
Video Displays, Audio responses , Printed report.
13
Examples
CRAY 2 , CRAY Y-MP , CRAY Y-MPC, IBM 3090/600 Series, VAX 4882 WIPRO LANDMARK 860 , APPLE, HCL, etc.

Fifth Generation Computers
Computer Characteristics & Capabilities
1
Size
Credit card size micro computers.
2
Density
Tens of Millions of components per circuit.
3
Speed
Billions instructions per second.
4
Reliability
Failure of circuit in Year.
5
Memory
Billions capacity in characters.
6
Cost
Cost was low.
7
Language
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Language (LISP or PRLOG), etc.
Trends and Development in computer Hardware
8
Main Component
Super/Ultra Large scale Integrated (SLSI/ULSI) circuit. Is also called Parallel Processing Method
9
Main Memory
RAM (VLSI Superconductor circuits).
10
Secondary Storage
External Hard disk, Memory card, Flash drive, Cloud Storage.
11
Input Media
Keyboard, Touch pad. Touch screen, Speech input, Tactile input.
12
Output Media
HD Graphics displays, voice reponses.
13
Examples
Laptop , Palm-Tops, Google Alexa, Siri , etc.

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